Title
Mitochondrial DNA Instability in Cells Lacking Aconitase Correlates with Iron Citrate Toxicity
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2013
Abstract
Aconitase, the second enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle encoded by ACO1 in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate. aco1 Delta results in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability. It has been proposed that Aco1 binds to mtDNA and mediates its maintenance. Here we propose an alternative mechanism to account for mtDNA loss in aco1 Delta mutant cells. We found that aco1 Delta activated the RTG pathway, resulting in increased expression of genes encoding citrate synthase. By deleting RTG1, RTG3, or genes encoding citrate synthase, mtDNA instability was prevented in aco1 Delta mutant cells. Increased activity of citrate synthase leads to iron accumulation in the mitochondria. Mutations in MRS3 and MRS4, encoding two mitochondrial iron transporters, also prevented mtDNA loss due to aco1 Delta. Mitochondria are the main source of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 through two superoxide dismutases, Sod1 and Sod2. H2O2 in turn reacts with Fe2+ to generate very active hydroxyl radicals. We found that loss of Sod1, but not Sod2, prevents mtDNA loss in aco1 Delta mutant cells. We propose that mtDNA loss in aco1 Delta mutant cells is caused by the activation of the RTG pathway and subsequent iron citrate accumulation and toxicity.
Journal Name
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Recommended Citation
Muhammad A. Farooq, Tammy M. Pracheil, Zhejun Dong, Fei Xiao, and Zhengchang Liu, “Mitochondrial DNA Instability in Cells Lacking Aconitase Correlates with Iron Citrate Toxicity,” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2013, Article ID 493536, 10 pages, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/493536
Included in
Biochemistry Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, Molecular Genetics Commons, Toxicology Commons
Comments
Copyright © 2013 Muhammad A. Farooq et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.